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DES in Perl

 


TomY
New User

Nov 14, 2017, 1:14 AM

Post #1 of 3 (4886 views)
DES in Perl Can't Post
Hello,
I wrote a simple DES in ECB mode implementation in Perl based on W.Stallings book...
When I tried to compare it with online calc. I didnt get exactly the same outputs(lets focus on encryption as the process is idenctical) what do I mean is, we know DES works on blocks of 8 bytes and both my script and online calcs. give the same result for the first 2 blocks only! so I came to the conclusion that I am not reading the input file as 8 byte chunks correctly or as them....
Please help me understand why(again assumption is the read from file func is somehow wrong)??

remarks:
-I am a Perl beginner
-For those who are interested this is a self project intended to be shown to my class mates if my teacher would allow me.
-code may not be optimal or good :(

In advance tnxxx all helpers and advises !



Code
#!/usr/bin/perl 
 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# @Script CLI args@ 
# 1) action:      "e" or "d", as one char string 
# 2) password:    "myDesPass", as a string 
# 3) input file:  "filePath1", as a string, should contain the message to encrypt 
# 4) output file: "filePath2", as a string, where the encrypted message will be saved  
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Ctyptography and Network Security 4th edition by Willian Stallings 
# 
# DES online calculator: 
# https://www.emvlab.org/descalc 
# 
# Perl tutorial: 
# https://www.tutorialspoint.com/perl/ 
# http://www.perlmonks.org/ 
#  
# unpack/pack: 
# https://www.tutorialspoint.com/perl/perl_unpack.htm 
#  
# perl references: 
# https://perlmaven.com/array-references-in-perl 
# 
# Programmatic Conversions: 
# http://perltips.wikidot.com/convert-hex-dec-oct-bin 
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/288900/how-can-i-convert-a-string-to-a-number-in-perl 
# 
# Online Conversions: 
# http://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/hex-to-ascii.htm 
# http://www.asciitohex.com/ 
# 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# DES Internal Conversion Tables 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
@SBOXES = ( 
		#S1 
		[ 
		[14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7], 
		[0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8], 
		[4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0], 
		[15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13] 
		], 
		#S2 
		[ 
		[15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10], 
		[3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5], 
		[0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15], 
		[13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9] 
		], 
		#S3 
		[ 
		[10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8], 
		[13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1], 
		[13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7], 
		[1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12] 
		], 
		#S4 
		[ 
		[7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15], 
		[13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9], 
		[10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4], 
		[3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14] 
		], 
		#S5 
		[ 
		[2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9], 
		[14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6], 
		[4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14], 
		[11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3] 
		], 
		#S6 
		[ 
		[12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11], 
		[10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8], 
		[9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6], 
		[4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13] 
		], 
		#S7 
		[ 
		[4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1], 
		[13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6], 
		[1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2], 
		[6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12] 
		], 
		#S8 
		[ 
		[13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7], 
		[1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2], 
		[7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8], 
		[2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11] 
		] 
		);	 
 
my @IP = ( 
     58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2, 
	 60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4, 
	 62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6, 
	 64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8, 
	 57,49,41,33,25,17, 9,1, 
	 59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3, 
	 61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5, 
	 63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7 
	 ); 
 
my @IP_INVERSE = ( 
		40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32, 
		39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31, 
		38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30, 
		37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29, 
		36,,4,44,12,52,20,60,28, 
		35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27, 
		34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26, 
		33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25 
		); 
	  
my @E = ( 
		32,1,2,3,4,5, 
		4,5,6,7,8,9, 
		8,9,10,11,12,13, 
		12,13,14,15,16,17, 
		16,17,18,19,20,21, 
		20,21,22,23,24,25, 
		24,25,26,27,28,29, 
		28,29,30,31,32,1 
		);	 	  
 
my @P = ( 
		16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17, 
		1,15,23,26,5,18,31,10, 
		2,8,24,14,32,27,3,9, 
		19,13,30,6,22,11,4,25 
		); 
 
my @PC_1 = ( 
	57,49,41,33,25,17,9, 
	,1,58,50,42,34,26,18, 
	10,2,59,51,43,35,27, 
	19,11,3,60,52,44,36, 
	63,55,47,39,31,23,15, 
	7,62,54,46,38,30,22, 
	14,6,61,53,45,37,29, 
	21,13,5,28,20,12,4 
	); 
 
my @PC_2 = ( 
	14,17,11,24,1,5,3,28, 
	15,6,21,10,23,19,12,4, 
	26,8,16,7,27,20,13,2, 
	41,52,31,37,47,55,30,40, 
	51,45,33,48,44,49,39,56, 
	34,53,46,42,50,36,29,32 
	); 
 
my @ScheduleOfLeftShifts = (1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1); 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Globals and CLI args 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
my $action = checkAction($ARGV[0]);  
my $subKeysRef = createRoundKeys($ARGV[1]); 
my $InputFileName = $ARGV[2]; 
my $OutputFileName = $ARGV[3]; 
 
# this is an array where each element is a ref to a bits-array of the index/round sub-key 
# @$: dereference a refrence to an array 
my @SubKeys = @$subKeysRef; 
 
# holds data to read/write from/to file 
my @FileArray = (); 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                          
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
sub checkAction { 
	my $action = $_[0]; 
	 
	if( ($action eq "e") or ($action eq "d") ) { 
		return $action; 
	} 
	else { 
		die "#ERROR: action parameter is wrong (\"e\"=encryption, \"d\"=decryption)#\n"; 
	} 
} 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                    
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
sub createRoundKeys { 
	 
	my $key = $_[0]; 
	if(length $key != 8) { die "#ERROR: DES key is not 64 bit#\n";} 
	 
	my $i, $j; 
	 
	# to hold references to sub-keys for each round according to array index. 
	# the function returns a reference of this array to be farther used. 
	my @subKeys = (); 
	 
	# unpack returns the key string as a corresponding bit string 
	# 64 bit where B indicates highest first   
	my @tempArr = unpack("B64", $key); 
	# split bit string to corresponding bits array 
	my @keyBitsArr = split("", $tempArr[0]); 
	#convert to numeric bits 
		for ($j=0; $j<=$#keyBitsArr; $j++) { 
			$keyBitsArr[$j]+=0; 
		} 
	 
	 
	#------------------------------------------------------------ 
	# permuted choice one(@PC_1) 
	# each index in the keyBitsArr56_PC1 gets some bit from the 64-bit original key according to some mapping, PC-1 
	my @keyBitsArr56_PC1 = (); 
	for ($i=0; $i<=$#PC_1; $i++) { 
		$keyBitsArr56_PC1[$i] = $keyBitsArr[$PC_1[$i]-1]; 
	} 
	 
	# split permuted choice 1 outcome @keyBitsArr56_PC1 to two 28 bit arrays, left and right 
	my @leftBitsArr = (); 
	my @rightBitsArr = (); 
	for($i=0; $i<28; $i++) { 
		$leftBitsArr[$i] = $keyBitsArr56_PC1[$i];  
    }	 
	for(; $i<56; $i++) { 
		$rightBitsArr[$i-28] = $keyBitsArr56_PC1[$i];  
    } 
	#------------------------------------------------------------ 
	 
	#------------------------------------------------------------ 
	# create sub-keys for each round 
	@tempArr = (); 
	for($i=0; $i<16; $i++) { 
		 
		# shift each part individually 
			 
			for($j=0; $j<$ScheduleOfLeftShifts[$i]; $j++) { 
				# shift left part according to round 
				push(@leftBitsArr, shift(@leftBitsArr)); 
				# shift right part according to round 
				push(@rightBitsArr, shift(@rightBitsArr)); 
			} 
		 
		# PC_2, get 48 bit round sub key 
		 
			# unite to one 56 bits arr 
			for($j=0; $j<28; $j++) { 
				$tempArr[$j] = $leftBitsArr[$j]; 
				$tempArr[$j+28] = $rightBitsArr[$j]; 
			} 
			 
			# permuted choice two	 
			for ($j=0; $j<=$#PC_2; $j++) { 
				# save round key 
				${$subKeys[$i]}[$j] = $tempArr[$PC_2[$j]-1]; 
			}		 
	} 
	#------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
	return \@subKeys; 
} 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                            
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
sub des { 
 
	my $i, $j, $k, $tempVar, @tempArr; 
	 
	# iterate over input file in chunks of 64 bit, DES ECB-mode of operation 
	for($i=0; $i<=$#FileArray; $i++) { 
		 
		# convert block read from file to its binary rep 
		$tempVar = unpack("B64", $FileArray[$i]); 
		 
		#---------------------------------------- 
		# DEBUG/PoC 
		print("$FileArray[$i]\n"); 
		$hex = sprintf('%X', oct("0b$tempVar")); 
	    print("$hex\n"); 
	    #---------------------------------------- 
 
		# an array of bits as numeric values, the block rep as numeric binary numbers 
		my @bitsArray = split("", $tempVar); 
		#convert to numeric bits 
		for ($j=0; $j<=$#bitsArray; $j++) { 
			$bitsArray[$j]+=0; 
		} 
		 
		# initial permutation (IP) for each block/64 bit chunk before the 16 rounds 
		my @bitsArray_ip = (); 
		for ($j=0; $j<=$#IP; $j++) { 
			$bitsArray_ip[$j] = $bitsArray[$IP[$j]-1]; 
		} 
		 
		# split to: left and right 
		my @leftBitsArr = (); 
		my @rightBitsArr = (); 
		for ($j=0; $j<32; $j++) { 
			$leftBitsArr[$j] = $bitsArray_ip[$j]; 
			$rightBitsArr[$j] = $bitsArray_ip[$j+32]; 
		} 
		 
		# 16 DES rounds per 64 bit chunk treated as two 32 bit chunks 
		for($j=0; $j<16; $j++) { 
			 
			my @nextLeftBitsArr = @rightBitsArr; 
				 
			# curr right bits chunk expansion/permutation (E) 
			my @bitsArray_E = (); 
			for($k=0; $k<=$#E; $k++) { 
				$bitsArray_E[$k] = $rightBitsArr[$E[$k]-1]; 
			} 
			@rightBitsArr = @bitsArray_E;# copy back 
			 
			# XOR with round sub-key: check function bool param for encryption/decryption action 
			my $ref; 
			 
			if($action eq "e") { 
				$ref =  $SubKeys[$j];# j - index of curr round 
			} 
			elsif($action eq "d") { 
				$ref =  $SubKeys[15-$j];# j - index of curr round reversed 
			} 
			 
			my @roundSubKey = @$ref;# de-ref to bits-array 
			 
			for($k=0; $k<48; $k++) {	 
				$rightBitsArr[$k]^=$roundSubKey[$k];				 
			} 
			 
			# S-box 
			my $sBoxResStr = ""; 
			for($k=0; $k<8; $k++) { 
				@tempArr = unpack("N", pack("B32", ("0"x30).join("",($rightBitsArr[$k*6], $rightBitsArr[$k*6+5]))));  
				my $sBoxRow = $tempArr[0]; 
				 
				@tempArr = unpack("N", pack("B32", ("0"x28).join("",($rightBitsArr[$k*6+1], $rightBitsArr[$k*6+2], $rightBitsArr[$k*6+3], $rightBitsArr[$k*6+4])))); 
				my $sBoxCol = $tempArr[0]; 
				 
				my $sBoxOutput = $SBOXES[$k][$sBoxRow][$sBoxCol]; 
				 
				@tempArr = unpack("B32", pack("N", $sBoxOutput));  
				$sBoxResStr.=substr($tempArr[0], -4); 
			} 
			 
			@rightBitsArr = split("", $sBoxResStr);# now 32 bits, $sBoxResStr was loop concat. 
			 
			#convert to numeric bits 
			for ($k=0; $k<=$#rightBitsArr; $k++) { 
				$rightBitsArr[$k]+=0; 
			} 
			 
			# permutation(P) 
			my @bitsArray_p = (); 
			for ($k=0; $k<=$#P; $k++) { 
				$bitsArray_p[$k] = $rightBitsArr[$P[$k]-1]; 
			} 
			@rightBitsArr = @bitsArray_p;# now 32 bits 
			 
			# XOR result on curr right bits chunk with curr left bits chunk, put res to next right chunk 
			for($k=0; $k<32; $k++) { 
				$rightBitsArr[$k] ^= $leftBitsArr[$k]; 
			} 
			 
			# assign next values 
			@leftBitsArr = @nextLeftBitsArr; 
		} 
		 
		# swap two sides 
		@temp = @leftBitsArr; 
		@leftBitsArr = @rightBitsArr; 
		@rightBitsArr = @temp; 
		 
		# merge and inverse initial permutation --> output 64 bit chunk cipher-text 
		for($k=0; $k<32; $k++) { 
			$bitsArray[$k] = $leftBitsArr[$k]; 
			$bitsArray[$k+32] = $rightBitsArr[$k]; 
		} 
		 
		my @bitsArray_ip_inverse = (); 
		for ($k=0; $k<=$#IP_INVERSE; $k++) { 
			$bitsArray_ip_inverse[$k] = $bitsArray[$IP_INVERSE[$k]-1]; 
		} 
		 
		#save manipulated chunk to same index in @FileArray 
		$tempVar = join("", @bitsArray_ip_inverse); 
	    $FileArray[$i] = pack("B64", $tempVar); 
	} 
} 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# I/O functions                           
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
sub readInputToArray { 
	 
	open(FILEHANDLER, "<".$InputFileName) or die "#ERROR: can't open input file#\n"; 
	my $i = 0; 
	while(1) { 
		# read a block of data, block size is 8 bytes/64 bits  
		$bytes = read (FILEHANDLER, $chunk, 8); 
 
		if($bytes == 0) { 
			last; 
		} 
		else { 
			$FileArray[$i] = $chunk; 
			$i++; 
		} 
	}  
	close(FILEHANDLER) or die "#ERROR: couldn't close input file properly#\n"; 
	 
	if($action eq "e"){ 
		# padding at the end to fit 8 byte/64 bit chunks for DES blocks 
		my $lastBlockSize = length $FileArray[$#FileArray]; 
		my $diff = 0; 
		if(  $lastBlockSize < 8) { 
			$diff = 8 - $lastBlockSize; 
			# create the padding string 
			my $padding = "0" x $diff; 
			# concat last block to pedding string 
			$FileArray[$#FileArray].=$padding; 
		} 
		 
		open(FILEHANDLER, ">.DES_PROPERTIES.txt") or die "#ERROR: can't open .DES_PROPERTIES.txt file#\n"; 
		print FILEHANDLER "des_padding_diff\n$diff\n"; 
		close(FILEHANDLER) or die "#ERROR: couldn't close .DES_PROPERTIES.txt file properly#\n"; 
	} 
} 
 
sub writeOutputToFile { 
	 
	if($action eq "d"){ 
		open(FILEHANDLER, "<.DES_PROPERTIES.txt") or die "#ERROR: can't open DES_PROPERTIES.txt file#\n"; 
		@lines = <FILEHANDLER>; 
		$diff = $lines[1]; 
		close(FILEHANDLER) or die "#ERROR: couldn't close DES_PROPERTIES.txt file properly#\n"; 
	} 
 
	open(FILEHANDLER, ">".$OutputFileName) or die "#ERROR: can't open output file#\n"; 
	for(my $i=0; $i<=$#FileArray; $i++) { 
		if($i == $#FileArray) { 
			$FileArray[$i] = substr($FileArray[$i], 0, length($FileArray[$i])-$diff); 
		} 
		print FILEHANDLER $FileArray[$i]; 
	} 
	close(FILEHANDLER) or die "#ERROR: couldn't close output file properly#\n"; 
} 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Execute 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
readInputToArray(); 
des(); 
writeOutputToFile(); 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


BillKSmith
Veteran

Nov 14, 2017, 7:59 AM

Post #2 of 3 (4872 views)
Re: [TomY] DES in Perl [In reply to] Can't Post
There are two things you must do before we can offer much help.

Add the pragmas strict and warnings. Fix all the errors that they report. (There are over 100 messages, but not nearly that many errors). You just might fix the problem yourself.

Prepare a short sample of input which we can run and demonstrate the error. Post the actual output and the expected output.

You have provided excellent documentation. Smile Convention suggests that this type of documentation should be provided as POD rather than as comments. For documentation on POD, type:
Code
perldoc perlpod
Good Luck,
Bill


Laurent_R
Veteran / Moderator

Nov 14, 2017, 11:19 PM

Post #3 of 3 (4863 views)
Re: [TomY] DES in Perl [In reply to] Can't Post
Cross posted on Perl monks:
Code
http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=1203344
Please consider informing people of cross-posts to avoid duplication of work on various locations of the Internet.

Otherwise, you might want to take a look at the pure Perl implementation of DES in the Crypt::DES_PP module (http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Crypt%3A%3ADES_PP).

 
 


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